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The Limits of Electoral Autocracy: Lessons from Orbán’s Fall

After 16 years in power, Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz was defeated within the very electoral system it had engineered to entrench its rule. Hungary’s 2026 election shows that electoral autocracies can be more vulnerable than they appear. They can be defeated when democratic opposition forces adapt strategically, coordinate across sectors, and are ready and able to capitalize on moments of declining regime legitimacy.